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    <title>Mac Love, Not War</title>
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    <link rel="service.post" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1" title="Mac Love, Not War" />
    <updated>2008-01-07T03:57:09Z</updated>
    <subtitle>Every hour in front of a computer is an hour away from your life.</subtitle>
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<entry>
    <title>Macworld 2008 San Francisco</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2008/01/macworld_2008_san_francisco.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=163" title="Macworld 2008 San Francisco" />
    <id>tag:macrory.com,2008:/blog//1.163</id>
    
    <published>2008-01-07T08:00:01Z</published>
    <updated>2008-01-07T03:57:09Z</updated>
    
    <summary>Every culture has its holidays: the oscars, fashion week, March madness or the world series. For Mac lovers, each December brings a frenzy of rumored speculation about our Superbowl, the Macworld Conference and Expo which takes place each January in San Francisco&apos;s Moscone Center. This year&apos;s conference takes place from...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        Every culture has its holidays: the oscars, fashion week, March madness or the world series. For Mac lovers, each December brings a frenzy of rumored speculation about our Superbowl, the Macworld Conference and Expo which takes place each January in San Francisco&apos;s Moscone Center. This year&apos;s conference takes place from January 14-18, beginning with Steve Jobs&apos; keynote presentation at 9:00am, Tuesday, January 15.
        <![CDATA[<H2>The "Stevenote," History of Macworld Announcements</H2>

Steve Jobs is widely regarded for his "reality distortion field" and this is in full force at each Macworld. Although certainly not all of Steve's "insanely great" products have been launched or announced at MacWorld, the list is worth noting:

<UL><LI>1997: Microsoft Office 98, Steve Jobs "interim CEO" (iCEO)
</LI><LI>2000: Preview of Mac OS X, Steve Jobs returns as CEO 
</LI><LI>2001: "TiBook" G4 introduced: an ultra-thin, metallic laptop 
</LI><LI>2002: First major redesign of iMac with "Sunflower" iMac G4, iPhoto 
</LI><LI>2003: Debut of Safari, iLife suite with iPhoto 2, Keynote software 
</LI><LI>2004: Introduction of new iPod Mini, iLife 04 with GarageBand 
</LI><LI>2005: iWork 05 with Pages, first Mac Mini, iPod Shuffle 
</LI><LI>2006: First Intel Macs: iMac, MacBook Pro, iLife 06 with iWeb
</LI><LI>2007: Apple TV, long-rumored debut of iPhone
</LI></UL>

What this year's keynote will bring is uncertain, but the month leading up to Macworld 2008 has been a grim and sparse one for fans of the Mac rumor free-for-alls.

<H2>Apple Working Harder to Control Speculation</H2>

As the current white house has perhaps demonstrated more than any other, the control and planting of rumor can be a very effective tool, and in recent years Apple has taken this control more seriously. A careful campaign of misinformation codenamed "Asteroid" was used to flush out Apple observers and insiders alike, leading to the death of the formerly successful rumor site Think Secret. The few leaks there have been seem to have been honest gaffes by other executives, and the most fantastic rumor has gone not through the usual channels but come from CNBC of all places: as sure a sign of a corporate plant as one could hope for.

<P>The CNBC rumor is the juiciest available as of the week before showtime: and features yet another Apple portable:<BLOCKQUOTE>[T]he device will feature a 12-inch screen and will be 50 percent thinner--and lighter--than current versions of the MacBook Pro. He says the product will not have a hard-drive, but rely on Flash memory instead and likely retail for around $1,500.</BLOCKQUOTE>

<P>Having famously poo-poohed the eternal rumors of an Apple cell phone last year (and instead predicting the debut of iWork '08 and a combination Apple spreadsheet/database program that would tie into MySQL) I am definitely not one to watch on such things, but an upgraded MacBook seems much more likely, or some sort of handheld screen that would work with the Apple TV, essentially functioning as a very large and watchable remote control. What do I know, though? I'm not even going to MacWorld.

<H2>Something for the Fans at Home</H2>

<P>Even if you cannot afford a week in San Francisco, or $1500 "platinum pass" tickets that include the keynote, Apple has streamed the festivities live for the past few years, and sometimes a local Mac store will pay for a satellite feed for us <i>hoi polloi</i>. As bread and circuses go, this time of year can be fun, even if the wild rumors are a fading Mac tradition...

<H2>Related Links</H2>

<UL><LI><A HREF="http://www.misterbg.org/AppleProductCycle/">http://www.misterbg.org/AppleProductCycle/</A>
</LI><LI><A HREF="http://lowendmac.com/musings/mm07/think-secret-struck-down.html">Dan Knight's explanation of Asteroid</A>
</LI><LI><A HREF="http://thinksecret.com/news/settlement.html">Think Secret publisher Nick Carialli's statement on the lawsuit</A>
</LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.pbs.org/cringely/pulpit/2008/pulpit_20080104_003787.html">Bob Cringely predicts an Apple tablet in 2008</A>
</LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.cnbc.com/id/22132704">CNBC's breathless speculation, 6 Dec 07</A>
</LI><LI><A HREF="http://apple20.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2007/12/07/sifting-through-the-thin-macbook-rumors/">Fortune's response to CNBC</A>
</LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/08/01/03/apple_filing_proposes_imac_like_notebook_docking_station.html">Apple Insider's notes on a potential duo-style notebook dock</A>
</LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/guide/appleevents/">Quicktime list of "Apple Events"</A>

</LI></UL>]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Apple Hardware December 2007</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2007/12/apple_hardware_december_2007.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=159" title="Apple Hardware December 2007" />
    <id>tag:macrory.com,2007:/blog//1.159</id>
    
    <published>2007-12-07T20:00:00Z</published>
    <updated>2008-01-09T00:58:39Z</updated>
    
    <summary>WIth the holiday buying season (and fiscal year-end) upon us, it seems a good time to review the current Apple product line, focusing on computers and handhelds and ignoring odd products such as the Apple TV and X-Serve. Below are currently shipping Apple computers as of December 2007, organized by...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        WIth the holiday buying season (and fiscal year-end) upon us, it seems a good time to review the current Apple product line, focusing on computers and handhelds and ignoring odd products such as the Apple TV and X-Serve. Below are currently shipping Apple computers as of December 2007, organized by product type.
        <![CDATA[<p>Apple divides its computer line into six main categories: budget, consumer laptop, consumer desktop, professional laptop and professional desktop or tower. All models feature built-in ethernet and wireless networking (bluetooth and airport "wi-fi) but none comes with a built-in modem, so plan to spend an extra $50 for an external USB modem if you'll need that.

<h3>Mac Mini: Apple's Budget Computer</h3>

The Mac mini is apple's budget computer, and most remarkable for its small size. About 7" square and 2" high, the Mac mini does not come with a monitor, mouse or keyboard. Each mini does come with built-in ethernet and wireless networking (bluetooth and airport "wi-fi") and a slot-loading optical drive. Peripherals attach through USB or FireWire 400. The current two models differ primarily by whether the optical drive can burn DVD's or just CD's. Both models can play DVD's and come with a remote control, making them a top choice for home entertainment systems and presentation rooms.

<ul>
<li>US$599 1.83GHz Intel Core 2 Duo, 1GB RAM, 80 GB HD, DVD/CD-RW "Combo Drive"
<li>US$799 2.0GHz IC2D, 1 GB RAM, 120 GB HD, DVD±RW/CD-RW "SuperDrive"
</ul>

<h3>MacBook: Apple's Consumer Laptop Computer</h3>

The MacBook is Apple's consumer laptop. Featuring a polycarbonate case, 13" wide-screen monitor and built-in wireless (bluetooth and 802.11n AirPort "wi-fi"), each also has a built-in video camera and microphone for video chat and a remote control for music, presentations and movies. Maximum RAM for all models is 4GB. The primary difference between the three basic models are whether they can burn DVD's or not and the case color. Peripherals attach via USB 2 or FireWire 400.

<ul>
<li>US$1099, white 2.0GHz Intel Core 2 Duo, 1GB RAM, 80GB HD, "Combo Drive"
<li>US$1299, white 2.2GHz IC2D, 1GB RAM, 120 GB HD, double-layer "SuperDrive"
<li>US$1499, black 2.2GHz IC2D, 1GB RAM, 160 GB HD, double-layer "SuperDrive"
</ul>

<h3>iMac: Apple's Consumer Desktop Computer</h3>

Apple's "consumer desktop," the entire iMac line features built-in ethernet and wireless networking (bluetooth and 802.11n Airport "wi-fi"), built-in video cameras for Internet chat, a remote control and an 8x "SuperDrive" DVD±R DL/DVD±RW/CD-RW. Maximum RAM for all four models is 4 GB.

<ul>
<li>US$1199 20" iMac 2.0GHz Intel Core 2 Duo, 1GB RAM, 128MB VRAM, 250 GB HD
<li>US$1499 20" iMac 2.4GHz IC2D, 1GB RAM, 256MB VRAM, 320 GB HD
<li>US$1799 24" iMac 2.4GHz IC2D, 1GB RAM, 256MB VRAM, 320 GB HD
<li>US$2299 24" iMac 2.8GHz IC2D, 1GB RAM, 256MB VRAM, 500 GB HD
</ul>

<h3>MacBook Pro: Apple's Professional Laptop Computer</h3>

<ul>
<li>US$1999 15" 2.2GHz Intel Core 2 Duo, 2GB RAM, 128 MB VRAM, 120GB HD
<li>US$2499 15" 2.4GHz IC2D, 2GB RAM, 256 MB VRAM, 160GB HD
<li>US$2799 17" 2.4GHz IC2D, 2GB RAM, 256 MB VRAM, 160GB HD
</ul>


<h3>Mac Pro: Apple's Professional Tower</h3>

Apple's Mac Pro tower computers contain four to eight processors and are almost all built-to-order (BTO). As of 8 January 2008 the basic starting configuration is $2799 without monitor and includes<ul>

<li> Two 2.8GHz Quad-Core Intel Xeon processors
<li> 2GB memory (800MHz DDR2 fully-buffered DIMM ECC), expandible to 32GB
<li> ATI Radeon HD 2600 XT with 256MB of GDDR3 memory
<li> 20GB Serial ATA 3Gb/s hard drive running at 7200 rpm
<li> 16x double-layer SuperDrive
</ul>

Maximum RAM is 16 GB and the four SATA drive bays can hold up to 3 terabytes. 

<h3>iPod and iPhone: Apple's Handheld Media Players</h3>

Most people don't think of Apple's handhelds as computers, but rather as MP3, audio or video players. All handhelds with a screen, however, can also be used for games and other simple tasks traditionally served by a PDA such as a Palm or smartphone, including synchronizing contacts and calendars from a Macintosh. Replacement of a PDA or the ability to use an iPod for backup or portable presentations is one of the main uses my clients have for iPods, although a color-coded selection of shuffles for your dental office, restaurant or dance studio is a pretty cool use of the technology as well.

<ul>
<li>$79 iPod Shuffle: flash-based with clip but no screen
<li>$149 iPod Nano, very small with screen, 4GB storage
<li>$199 iPod Nano, available in different colors, 4GB storage
<li>$249 iPod Classic, 2.5" display, 80 GB storage
<li>$349 iPod Classic, 2.5" display, 160 GB storage
<li>$299 iPod Touch, 3.5" widescreen display, wi-fi wireless, 8 GB
<li>$399 iPod Touch, 3.5" widescreen display, wi-fi wireless, 16 GB
<li>$399 iPhone, similar to iPod Touch but with integrated phone,  8GB
</ul>


]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Learning to Love Leopard Mail</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2007/11/learning_to_love_leopard_mail.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=148" title="Learning to Love Leopard Mail" />
    <id>tag:macrory.com,2007:/blog//1.148</id>
    
    <published>2007-11-07T20:00:00Z</published>
    <updated>2007-11-13T04:52:22Z</updated>
    
    <summary>October 2007 saw the release of Mac OS 10.5, known popularly as &quot;Leopard.&quot; Like most commercial software, it has been heralded with praise for the genius of its &quot;time machine&quot; backup strategy and concerns about how gray and translucent parts of the interface have become. There will be lots of...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        October 2007 saw the release of Mac OS 10.5, known popularly as &quot;Leopard.&quot; Like most commercial software, it has been heralded with praise for the genius of its &quot;time machine&quot; backup strategy and concerns about how gray and translucent parts of the interface have become. There will be lots of hype and many annoying changes, as there always are, but there will also be features and improvements folks will come to love. The new OS X Mail program (version three of Mail.app) is one of the latter, and adds many obvious and useful features which people will learn to love.
        <![CDATA[<H2>Getting Things Done with OS X Mail</H2>

One of the most popular recent books on time management is David Allen's <CITE>Getting Things Done</CITE>. A positive cultural phenomenon in our digital age, Mr. Allen encourages folks to come up with a good system that captures all the "stuff" that we are tempted to hold in our heads in ways that make sense to us today. For folks who spend a lot of time on the Internet or in their email program, the new OS X Mail program has many features to help even new users get things done.

<P ><CENTER><A HREF="http://macrory.com/blog/uploads/OSXLeopardMail.png"><IMG SRC="http://macrory.com/blog/uploads/OSXLeopardMails.jpg" ALT="Click for larger view of OS X Leopard Mail 3.0"></A></CENTER>

<H2>Best New Features of OS X Mail, Version 3</H2>

For the purposes of this article I am going to focus on just a few new features with obvious utility for casual users. Although I spend a large amount of my time helping people tailor technology to their precise needs and desires, I often find that showing someone a simple thing and letting them think is the best way for them to become better. New features, then, that most users will love:

<UL><LI>Notes: create small text documents within email folders
</LI><LI>Tasks: work with "to-do" items in both Mail and iCal
</LI><LI>RSS: subscribe to news "feeds" from a few key web sites
</LI><LI>Data Detectors: contextual menu support for dates and data
</LI><LI>Smart Filters: create filters to identify certain types of mail items
</LI></UL>

<H2>Make a Note of It</H2>

From floating yellow legal pads to sticky notes to index cards, most people have used some sort of system to collect small bits of data. The new "Notes" option in Mail allows you to do this, and place the notes in whichever mail folder makes sense to you. By default all notes will also appear in the "Notes" area, and this is a great tool for project steps, brainstorming, agendas, shopping lists or whatever. In my screenshot I have adapted the common GTD habit of adding punctuation to the front of an item so that it sorts alphabetically at the top, and GTD folks with their project lists and "next action" steps will find a lot to love in this feature.

<H2>"To-Do" Tasks Integrated with iCal</H2>

Another new feature is the option to select any text in a note and easily turn it into a "to-do" or task. Tasks that are so converted are automatically sent to iCal and can also be synchronized to your iPod or iPhone if you have one, and uncompleted tasks appear in the "to-do" section no matter what list they may be placed in. This to-do section also includes any tasks from iCal, allowing you to view your tasks there (as part of a calendar) or here (as a list, or part of another note or list), which is very handy.

<H2>RSS: Keep Abreast with Really Simple Syndicaton</H2>

Attentive users of Safari may have noticed that some web sites show a little blue box with the white letters "RSS" next to their URL in the Safari location bar. What this means is that the web page uses a service called "really simple syndication" or "RSS" to make it easier to skim and track new articles. Many blogs do this, as do many news sites. Indeed the entire concept of a podcast in iTunes is based on the marriage of RSS to an audio or video file. The new Mail 3.0 includes the option to view RSS feeds within the mail program. It is not as robust as options such as RSS Menu or NetNewsWire but for someone who has a dozen or two sites that they like to scan or keep track of without launching a separate application, this feature provides an option that integrates well with other messages. Rather than surfing a dozen sites each day in Safari, simply look for updates in the RSS section of Mail and then view the messages as you would read an email message. Depending on how the RSS feed is configured, you may be able to read the entire article in Mail or have the option to double-click it and view it online with Safari or another web browser.

<H2>Extracting Information with Apple Data Detectors</H2>

Years ago as part of Cyberdog and various other projects, Apple had a technology called "Apple Data Detectors" which would analyze textual information and make intelligent guesses about what it was from the formatting. This allowed programs to guess from the format if a text string was an email address, a web URL, a date, a phone number or a postal address, with all of the utility this implied. Some of this technology got folded into "hotlinks" in various programs and contextual menus, but it has reappeared in a new way with Mail 3.0, which can make intelligent guesses about data type within email messages.

<P>To see how this works in Mail 3.0 you may wish to find a message which contains a date of some sort. Depending on how the date is formatted, a small box may appear around it when your cursor is over it, with a small downward-pointing arrow to the right. This arrow gives options such as "Show This Date in iCal" or "Create New iCal Event..." right there from within Mail. One can similarly highlight any string of text and then "control-click" to bring up a contextual menu which gives you the option to create a new "to-do," again without leaving Mail. Both of these are automatically added to your iCal appointment and to-do lists, where they can be synchronized to your iPod or iTunes device if you choose, based on preferences you set within iTunes. The same thing happens with telephone numbers, allowing one to readily display them in large type (for easier dialing), to create a new contact from the phone number or add a phone number to an existing contact.

<P>While immediately useful in obvious ways, I suspect that most people will think of ways to use these data detectors for their own special purposes and preferences.  Watch for these in Mail 3.0 as your cursor hovers around

<UL><LI>Dates (create event or show date in iCal)
</LI><LI>Phone Numbers (large type, add to contact or create new contact)
</LI><LI>ZIP Codes (add to contact or create new contact in Address Book)
</LI><LI>Email Addresses (new message, create contact, add to contact)
</LI><LI>Highlighted text (look up in dictionary, on Google or create new to-do)
</LI></UL>

<H2>Using Smart Filters in Mail 3.0</H2>

<P><CENTER><A HREF="file:///Users/rorybowman/Desktop/OSXLeopardMailFilters.gif"><IMG SRC="http://macrory.com/blog/uploads/OSXleopardmailfilterS.jpg"ALT="Click for two sample Mail 3.0 filters."></A></CENTER>

<P>Mail 2.0 introduced the concept of "Smart Mailboxes" which are similar to "Smart Playlists" from iTunes,  "Smart Albums" from iPhoto or "Smart Groups" in Address Book. Basically these are pre-filtered lists of items that meet certain criteria that you define. This can be used in obvious ways to do such things as to display all unread messages from the last week for a given email account, but can also be used in new and interesting ways. Although called "Smart Mailboxes" such filters can actually be used to isolate pretty much anything within Mail, including notes containing tasks or unread RSS feeds from within the last week. A few of these default "smart mailboxes" are configured for you, but for folks who receive a lot of messages or have many projects to handle, this can save a huge amount of time and let the computer do some of  your work to keep certain projects "top of mind."

<H2>Go Out and Play</H2>

When OS X Mail first came out I was not a huge fan, but Apple has been growing the product steadily. The current version integrates beautifully with Address Book and iCal, while adding features such as Notes and To-Do's that people have long expected and used in the "real world" of legal pads and index cards. How you will use these features is, of course, up to you, but I hope to make you aware of their existence.

<P>Mail 3.0 is the best version of Apple Mail yet. For assistance on how you can use it to help you increase pleasure, decrease frustration and improve productivity, please consider phoning Mac Rory at (360) 695-6929.]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>FAQ: Which Version of Mac OS X Do I Have?</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2007/10/faq_which_version_of_mac_os_x.html" />
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    <id>tag:macrory.com,2007:/blog//1.160</id>
    
    <published>2007-10-07T20:00:00Z</published>
    <updated>2007-12-15T05:25:14Z</updated>
    
    <summary>And why does it always seem to be named after a cat?...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        And why does it always seem to be named after a cat?
        <![CDATA[<P>Apple updates its operating systems aggressively, adding things and making changes every few Apple updates its operating systems aggressively, adding things and making changes every few years. This is terrific because it provides exciting new features and performance improvements to the security of Unix which forms the basis of Mac OS X, but it can be confusing to new users or those unfamiliar with the vocabulary.

<H2>How to Find What Version of Mac OS X You Have</H2>

To see which version of Mac OS X you have, go to the upper-left "apple menu" on your machine and pull down to "About this Mac." A screen will appear which tells you which version of Mac OS X you have, expressed as three digits. For OS X the first digit will always be "10" followed by a decimal point and another single digit. After this is a second decimal point and a version number.

<H2>Paid and Free Upgrades</H2>

<b>Major changes</b> in the Mac OS X are indicated by the middle digits (after the "10.") and usually involve a paid upgrade. Mac OS X upgrades are generally about US$130 or US$200 for a five-machine "family pack" which you can use at your home (but not in a business). A full upgrade comes on a CD or DVD which can be used to boot and install onto any Mac which meets the minimum hardware requirements. Once you have upgraded to a new, full retail version of Mac OS X, you may legally sell or give away your old version, provided that you transfer the original media as well. This makes it possible to buy "used" versions of Mac OS X to upgrade older machines that cannot take the latest and greatest.

<p><b>Incremental upgrades</b> do not usually add major features, but are free, providing slight increases in performance and "bug fixes." If you go to your upper-left apple menu and select "Software Update..." incremental upgrades will appear here. You may also go to <A HREF="http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/">Apple's support area for downloads</A> and check for upgrades there. If you download a full update from Apple, it is always best to get a "combined updater" which will include multiple upgrades in one package, is more thorough and saves time.

<H2>Why All the Cat Names?</H2>

Apple's main rival during the development of Mac OS X was Microsoft, who at the time was also developing an operating system. "Longhorn" was the Microsoft codename for Windows Vista, so Apple adopted the convention of naming OS X after big cats, not anticipating how many years it would be before Vista was released. Apple's public beta of OS X was codenamed "kodiak," with 10.0 codenamed "cheetah" and 10.1 codenamed "puma." As Macintosh rumors of these codenames made it outside of Cupertino, Apple decided to use them as trade names. What began as an internal joke thus became part of Macintosh culture, and has been an OS X tradition ever since.

<H2>Mac OS 10.2 "Jaguar"</H2>
<UL>
<LI>Released August 23, 2002
<LI>Minimum requirements: Stock G3 or higher with 128MB physical RAM (except original PowerBook G3)
<LI>Terminal release was version 10.2.8
</UL>


<H2>Mac OS 10.3 "Panther"</H2>
<UL>
<LI>Released October 24, 2003
<LI>Minimum requirements: G3 or higher with built-in USB, 128 MB physical RAM
<LI>Terminal release was version 10.3.9
</UL>


<H2>Mac OS 10.4 "Tiger"</H2>
<UL>
<LI>Released April 29, 2005
<LI>Minimum requirements: G3 or higher with built-in FireWire, 256 MB physical RAM
<LI>Terminal release was version 10.4.11
</UL>


<H2>Mac OS 10.5 "Leopard"</H2>
<UL>
<LI>Currently scheduled for Friday, October 26, 2007
<LI>Minimum requirements: G4 867Mhz or higher with DVD drive, 512MB physical RAM
<LI>I am currently NOT recommending Leopard for any non-Intel Macs
</UL>

<H2>Apple Up-To-Date Program</H2>

Apple has a longstanding program called "Apple up-to-date" which has historically provided all Apple resellers with "CPU drop-in" copies of the newest OS for brand-new machines which shipped with an earlier version installed. Customers who purchase new Macs this month shall be entitled to a such a CD, and may order one from Apple for a $10 shipping charge.

<H2>Replacement Media</H2>

Apple has historically not offered replacement media for lost CD's or DVD's, so if you need a copy of an older Mac OS, you will probably have to buy one second-hand online or from another Mac user.

<H2>What Version Is Best?</H2>

What version of Mac OS X is best for you depends on a lot of things: your machine, your needs, your peripherals and what your plans are for the future. For over a year now I have been encouraging all of my clients who don't have excellent reasons to keep aging machines to abandon all versions of Mac OS earlier than 10.3 if they possibly can. Some people have a cash register which will only run on OS 7 or fonts that only work with a discontinued version of Quark on OS 9, but if that is not you, I would encourage you to reconsider.

<P>With the release of Mac OS 10.5 "Leopard" this month, it is a good time to look at your current needs and if this may be the time to consider upgrading to 10.5 or buying one of the many older copies of OS X that shall be coming available.

<P>For help with this and other decisions, please consider phoning Mac Rory at (360) 695-6929.]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Backup Basics</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2007/09/backup_basics.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=149" title="Backup Basics" />
    <id>tag:macrory.com,2007:/blog//1.149</id>
    
    <published>2007-09-07T20:00:00Z</published>
    <updated>2007-11-13T06:27:40Z</updated>
    
    <summary>One of the things that sucks about my job is sometimes having to explain to people who are first calling me that, for whatever reason, huge amounts of their electronic life are forever lost. I get one of these calls every two or three months, and it is rarely easy....</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        One of the things that sucks about my job is sometimes having to explain to people who are first calling me that, for whatever reason, huge amounts of their electronic life are forever lost. I get one of these calls every two or three months, and it is rarely easy. No matter how good your computer and how pristine your conduct, various bad things can cause data loss. From inattentive mistakes to spills to theft, any data can be destroyed and so it is a good idea to understand the basics of backing it up.
        <![CDATA[<H2>How Much Are You Willing to Lose?</H2>

When people ask me what sort of backup strategy they should have, the first question I ask them is how much they are willing to lose. Some people keep nothing important on their computers and so won't miss much. Others would be bummed to lose a week or month's worth of data, but could probably reconstruct it. Some people are so high-strung that they are positive they could never lose ANYTHING (and this is possible) but the answer to this question determines almost everything else. At what point would you swear? Or cry?  Get drunk or break things? Knowing this point is the beginning of a good backup strategy.

<H2>What Matters Most?</H2>

Even monkeys fall from trees, and almost everyone loses data at some point. Identifying how much you are willing to lose, though, helps you decide what matters most to you and to focus on saving that first. For some people, the thing they value most is their writing, or their photos, or their email. For some it may be music, or web bookmarks or financial data. On Jesus Matthew 6:12 theory of backups, figuring out where your treasure is tells you where your heart is also. And knowing that is the beginning of wisdom.

<H2>Preserving Email with Archives and Servers</H2>

If you are the sort of person who lives and dies on the sword of email, you will want to come up with a strategy which protects (1) your oldest and most important email and (2) your recent and most important email. The first you will want to back up to CD, DVD or a hard drive on a regular interval, and to do that you will need to know where the email "lives." With the exception of webmail services such as Hotmail, Yahoo and Gmail, every other email program stores your old messages as files somewhere on your hard drive.

<UL><LI>OS X Mail.app stores mail in the "Mail" folder of your home folder "Library"
</LI><LI>Eudora stores mail  by default in "Eudora Folder" within your "Documents" folder
</LI><LI>Entourage stores mail as identities within Documents' "Microsoft User Data"
</LI><LI>Thunderbird stores data in its own folder within "Library" as well
</LI></UL>

Once you understand where this data is, you will want to back it up at an interval that makes sense to you, using whatever medium (CD, DVD, USB flash drive or hard drive) makes sense to you. But what about the mail that comes in just after you back up?

<P>Fortunately, most email programs have a preference which allows you to store messages on the server for specified amount of time, but this is not the default behavior. By default most email programs follow a simple procedure which erases your mail

<OL><LI>You open the mail program and tell it to check your  mail
</LI><LI>The mail program uses your password to log into a mail server
</LI><LI>The program downloads copies of messages and attachments to your hard drive
</LI><LI>The program thanks the server and tells it to delete its copy of those messages
</LI><LI>The program stores files locally until  you delete them
</LI></OL>

To protect your most recent mail you can simply go into the preferences for your program and tell it NOT to delete messages immediately. If you back up your local folders every week, for example, you might want to tell the server to hold messages for a month or ten days. How you do this varies from program to program, but it is always possible. If you never delete messages from the server you may create problems later and annoy your ISP, but know that you can keep messages for a week or so quite easily. Just find the appropriate place in your mail program's preferences and do it.

<H2>Saving Bookmarks and Address Books</H2>

If you have an address book program or web bookmarks (favorites) these are also stored by your program, usually in the "Library" folder of your home folder. If you synchronize your address book with a device such as a Palm device or mobile phone, a backup is made on the device each time you synchronize. If you use an online address book such as with a webmail program, those too are preserved on the Yahoo, Gmail or other server. If you store your addresses in Address Book, Palm Desktop or Entourage, though, it is a good idea to periodically export your addresses or create a backup that can be burned to CD or stored on a flash drive, just in case.

<P>The same goes for web bookmarks (or favorites) and each browser stores these in the "Library" folder of your home directory. Where exactly varies from program to program, but most allow you to export your bookmarks as an HTML file, and this is a good thing to do, if you remember to back up to CD.

<H2>Backing Up the Entire Library, Home Folder or Boot Drive</H2>

With OS X programs storing so much data inside the "Library" folder, it may make sense to just back THAT entire folder up at a pre-set interval, or to back up your entire home directory. This usually requires an external hard drive. Firewire drives are fastest, and I recommend a backup drive that is at least TWICE as large as your boot drive. To do this well, I suggest that folks use a utility such as Carbon Copy Cloner or Super Duper to create a full bootable copy onto the external hard drive, and then periodically back up just the home directory, thus:

<OL><LI>Quit all open programs
</LI><LI>Mount the backup drive and open it
</LI><LI>Double-click your boot drive then double-click "Users"
</LI><LI>Drag the "little house" home folder to the backup drive
</LI><LI>Release the mouse when you see the green "plus sign" and wait
</LI><LI>When the copy is complete date the COPY on the backup drive
</LI></OL>

<CENTER><A HREF="http://macrory.com/blog/uploads/copyhomeL.png"><IMG SRC="http://macrory.com/blog/uploads/copyhome.png"></A></CENTER>

This technique backs up the entire home folder and requires you to occasionally throw away older copies of the home folder from earlier backups, but should copy all files in your home directory. Unless you have done something to actively bypass OS X's default behaviors, this will be your individual files. The Mac OS and applications can be re-installed from CD or downloads if needed.

<H2>Backing Up Pictures and Music</H2>

Many people are shutterbugs or music hounds, accumulating large numbers of photos or music in programs such as iPhoto and iTunes. Fortunately both of these programs have the option to burn backups directly to CD or DVD directly from within the program. The earliest versions of OS X iTunes had an option within Preferences (in the "advanced" tab) to burn a data CD or DVD and this will work. Newer versions of iTunes, though, have a "Back up to Disc..." command beneath the "File" menu which will automatically back up your entire iTunes library to CD or DVD, and this is surer for most users.

<P>Within iPhoto, the "Share" menu has a "Burn" command which will copy currently selected albums, events or photos to a CD or (if it will fit) even an entire library to CD or DVD. This is a handy way to offload a few old albums, perhaps every year just before the holidays or as needed. These CD's or DVD's can then be inserted back into your Mac and will appear (with comments and ratings and albums) directly within iPhoto the next time you need them, making it a terrific way to share photos with other family members or friends who also have Macs.

<H2>Automated Programs for Backup</H2>

If you have purchased Apple's ".Mac" service it includes something called iSync and a program called Backup which works for very small things and to back up small amounts of constantly changing data (such as Address Book contacts, Safari bookmarks, iCal events and such) to the ".Mac" servers so they can be accessed from a web page later. This more or less works, but is slow and a little annoying.

<P>OS 10.5 "Leopard" is supposed to have an automated backup feature called "time machine" when it is released in October or November of 2007, but this will also require a large external hard drive and probably take time and affect performance. Third-party programs such as Lacie's SilverKeeper or Dantz' Retrospect and Retrospect Express can work, but involve a certain amount of set-up, particularly in a workplace environment or over a network.

<P>If you are considering such automated systems, you may wish to schedule some time with Mac Rory at (360) 695-6929 to decide on a system that will work well for you over the long term.

<H2>One Copy is Next Door to No Copies at All</H2>

The important thing, though, is to know you need a backup strategy, and to do something before you think you'll need it. Backups are different from archives, but that is something for another time. If you plan to keep it, back it up and (better yet) keep at least one copy in another building or city.

<H2>Have a Backup Plan</H2>

<P>There are two kinds of computer users, I have been told: those who have lost important data by accident and those who are going to. Have a plan for when it is you.]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Social Networking Sites 2007</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2007/06/social_networking_sites_2007.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=147" title="Social Networking Sites 2007" />
    <id>tag:macrory.com,2007:/blog//1.147</id>
    
    <published>2007-06-07T20:00:00Z</published>
    <updated>2007-11-13T05:51:05Z</updated>
    
    <summary>A few years ago the word &quot;blog&quot; was just an ugly neologism and no one in politics had coined the phrase &quot;netroots.&quot; Part of what buzzing technorati call &quot;web 2.0&quot; both of these are tied to the concepts of social networking. Some of the larger social networking sites include MySpace,...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        A few years ago the word &quot;blog&quot; was just an ugly neologism and no one in politics had coined the phrase &quot;netroots.&quot; Part of what buzzing technorati call &quot;web 2.0&quot; both of these are tied to the concepts of social networking. Some of the larger social networking sites include MySpace, Facebook, Twitter and dozens of others. This business model creates networks of people to tap into &quot;trust networks&quot; for  &quot;viral marketing,&quot; &quot;permission marketing,&quot; &quot;affinity marketing,&quot; and similar dynamics: creating social spaces that can be used to sell products. That may or may not be why people take part, though. Much as Starbucks&apos; concept of a &quot;third space&quot; that is neither work nor home, social networking sites aim to become a new sort of public commons (or gated community).
        <![CDATA[<H2>What are Social Networking Sites?</H2>

By "social networking site" I mean web sites which are designed to attract a large number of people and encourage them to interact with one another in ways that are not clearly controlled by the site host. Usually this is an attempt to create a "sticky" web site (where people stay) which can be used to sell targeted advertising. If you tell them you are female, for example, you are more likely to see ads for cosmetics and wrinkle cream, while if you express an interest in cars you are more likely to see automobile ads. Like various service businesses (such as bars and cafes) the sites encourage you to loiter and invite your friends, since the more people are at the site (and the longer they stay) the more opportunities there are for "ad impressions" or analysis of your interaction patterns. Many sites also sell things directly such as "virtual gifts" or photo-processing services.

<H2>Characteristics of Social Networking Sites</H2>

What makes any web site a "social networking site" as opposed to a web site with social elements is a matter of some debate but the most popular ones contain various features, such as:

<OL><LI>The ability to create some sort of online persona
</LI><LI>Access to more features by registering or inviting friends
</LI><LI>Personalization of experience such as a custom user "avatar"
</LI><LI>Option to list interests and compare interests with other users
</LI><LI>Option to join various groups or conversations
</LI><LI>Option to create lists of "friends" and (by extension) networks
</LI></OL>

Today there are many web sites which contain social networking features, such as reviews on "store" websites such as iTunes, Amazon or Netflix (which use the software to suggest other products), so for now I'll limit my discussion to some of the larger and better-known web sites.

<H2>Classmates.Com</H2>

Two of the earliest social networking sites were <A HREF="http://friendster.com">Friendster</A> and <A HREF="http://classmates.com">Classmates.com</A>, which encouraged folks to register with school affiliations in hopes of finding better jobs, old friends or pursuing abandoned romantic possibilities. Many of the early social networking sites tried to encourage professional networking, were oriented toward dating such as <A HREF="http://www.match.com">Match.com</A> or the more explicit AdultFriendFinder.com, and are focused on people finding each other, but presumably meeting in real life.

<H2>MeetUp.com and SixDegrees.Com</H2>

Other sites which sought to link people together in the physical world have included <A HREF="http://meetup.com">MeetUp.com</A> (which has been widely used by political and hobby groups) or <A HREF="http://sixdegrees.com">SixDegrees.Com</A>, which tried to harness the power of social networks to help support charities.

<H2>MySpace.Com</H2>

Probably the most famous (or infamous) social networking site, <A HREF="http://myspace.com"?>MySpace</A> became an early favorite with teenagers and from there with pedophiles, rock bands and independent performance artists such as small film-makers or stand-up comedians. Having almost no content policies or supervision, the appearance of MySpace pages can be easily changed, but technical failures are common and it has become something of a cliche. Much as AOL was considered a bit declasse in the late 1990's, so MySpace is today: a low-barrier entry point for folks new to social networking, common but undistinguished.

<H2>FaceBook.Com</H2>

Built around the concept of a pictorial school directory, <A HREF="http://facebook.com">FaceBook</A> had higher barriers to entry early on, and required users to demonstrate affiliation with a college by providing a valid college email address before they could join. High school networks on FaceBook, for example, are restricted to high school students, making for calmer, more homogenous spaces more often used for productive social networking around real-world activities. The layout of FaceBook is also more tasteful, with better technical performance and a cleaner (but less customizable) interface.

<H2>Tribe.Net</H2>

<A HREF="http://Tribe.net">Tribe.Net</A> was a Bay-Area startup that gained great popularity because of its association with the Burning Man arts festival in Nevada. Since Burning Man has a ticket price of $200 or more, with a strong emphasis on sexually-adventurous, artsy types, Tribe has a lot of artsy types. With better taste and technology than MySpace, Tribe.Net was more popular among more sophisticated users, but was just as lax about copyright violations. With "private tribes" that allow people to share pornography and plan private parties, Tribe is sort of MySpace with fewer young drunks and better haircuts.

<H2>Virtual Worlds</H2>

Another kind of social networking site which de-emphasizes IRL connections ("in real life") are virtual worlds. Sort of a cross between The Sims and real-life role-playing games, these tend to be much more elaborate, allowing one to create a full-body avatar which can look like anything from a slimmer cartoon version of you with better skin to a fantastic creature with multiple limbs, fantastic costumes, odd skin colors, horns and so on. World of Warcraft is one such virtual world, with Second Life being another. Players in these virtual worlds can actually create objects and sell them for real-world money on eBay, while Second Life actively encourages people to buy "real estate" in the cyber world and set up shop where people exchange "Linden dollars," real-world recording artists hold live concerts and various corporations or cities set up a presence to build tourism and brand awareness.

<H2>LiveJournal and Blog Sites</H2>

Originally founded in Portland, <A HREF="http://livejournal.com">LiveJournal</A> is a blog site but with a strong community focus. Indeed, LiveJournal had such a community focus that it was purchased by the blogging company SixApart (owners of Movable Type blog software and <A HREF="http://typePad.com">TypePad hosted blogging service</A>). LiveJournal is arguably a blog site first and foremost, but its culture strongly resembles a social networking service. In addition to "community" blogs there is a lot of cross-commenting between and amongst LiveJournal users. Other blog sites (particularly political sites such as <A HREF="http://DailyKos.com">DailyKos.com</A> or the Free Republic "message boards") and services encourage various degrees of social networking as well, but none as much as LiveJournal.

<H2>Other Social Networking Sites</H2>

There are networking sites dedicated to <A HREF="http://mychurch.com">churches</A>, the sharing and posting of <A HREF="http://flickr.com">photographs<A>, comparison of <A HREF="http://bookthing.com">personal libraries or reading lists</A>, <A HREF="http://43things.com">aspirations</A>, <A HREF="http://stumbleupon">favorite web pages</A>, music, <A HREF="http://youtube.com">video</A> and other hobbies. Commercial attempts to enter this market have included Microsoft's <a href="http://spaces.live.com">Live Spaces</A> and <A HREF="http://360.yahoo.com">Yahoo 360</A>. Some sites such as <A HREF="http://twitter.com">Twitter</A> take this idea of ubiquitous networking even further, encouraging users to post "micro-blog" entries and messages to the web site from their cell phones. Pretty much whatever your tastes or interests, there is probably a social networking site (or two) to suit your tastes.

<H2>Why Bother</H2>

With the seasons turning and so much to do IRL ("in real life") a lot of people ask me why anyone would want to spend so much time on a social networking site, and there are lots of good reasons. One is to develop and maintain relationships with people one has met but which are far away. A new parent with a small child can post small updates, soldiers far from home can keep track of and "poke" their friends. People in transition such as students or divorcees can explore new social venues and anyone can use such services to maintain friendly contact and invite people to say hello. Such networks can be useful in looking for new jobs, planning to travel or finding a good mechanic, with folks dropping in and participating as they wish or are able.

<P>Certainly social network sites can be abused, encouraging isolation and withdrawal for folks lost in depression, but they can also be a great source of psychological contact and comfort, a nice way to keep abreast of cultural events and a way to explore or exchange recipes. Much like our daily world, social networking sites can be pretty much what you want to make them.

<P>For hints and ideas about how to get started and use social networking for yourself or  your business, please consider phoning MacRory.com at (360) 695-6929]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>There&apos;s No Place Like Home</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2007/05/theres_no_place_like_home.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=144" title="There's No Place Like Home" />
    <id>tag:macrory.com,2007:/blog//1.144</id>
    
    <published>2007-05-07T20:00:00Z</published>
    <updated>2007-11-13T06:20:53Z</updated>
    
    <summary>One of the brilliant design elements of the original Unix systems of the 1970&apos;s was the concept of user names with passwords and of a dedicated &quot;home directory&quot; for each user. This created a default place for a given account to place all of &quot;its&quot; documents and allowed for relatively...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[One of the brilliant design elements of the original Unix systems of the 1970's was the concept of user names with passwords and of a dedicated "home directory" for each user. This created a default place for a given account to place all of "its" documents and allowed for relatively easy transfer of users between systems and machines. This idea came to the Macintosh in earnest with the advent of Mac OS X, and the "home folder" which appears to the logged-in user as a picture of a little house whose name matches their short user name. Prior to this, it had been the Macintosh custom to let users put things and name things pretty much whatever they wanted, and for programs to do the same.

<P>Understanding the home folder and its uses is key to understanding and getting the most out of your Mac.]]>
        <![CDATA[<H2>The Home Folder is Your Personal Space</H2>

Your home folder is your personal space under Mac OS X. If you understand OS X and do not intentionally (or accidentally) move your things outside of your home folder, the home folder protects your documents from other users on the same computer and also against yourself. By encouraging you to keep all of your things within one folder (and logical sub-folders), Mac OS X decreases the number of places where a thing may be, makes it easier to find that thing and (ultimately) can aid your work flow. It can also greatly simplify removing old users from work computers and help you move smoothly between computers or access your files from other computers on your local network.

<P>You can add as many folders and sub-folders to your home directory as you wish, but OS X will initially populate your home folder with eight specific folders which I call "the sacred eight." These eight folders have uses and purposes designated to programmers by Apple, and appreciating them will make your Macintosh computer life simpler. As importantly, ignoring them can confuse many programs and make your life harder.

<P>The sacred eight are distinguished from normal folders visually, making them easy to spot. While an ordinary folder will be plain blue, Mac OS X automatically places special icons on some important folders. If you double-click on your Mac's hard drive from the Finder, for example, you will notice that at least four foulders have special icons: System, Applications, Users and Library. These are key folders for OS X and deleting or renaming any of these can cause problems. Within your home folder there are also eight folders with special icons: Desktop, Documents, Library, Movies, Music, Pictures, Photos, Public and Sites.

<CENTER><A HREF="http://macrory.com/blog/uploads/OSXhomefolder.png"><IMG SRC="http://macrory.com/blog/uploads/OSXhomefolderS.jpg"></A></CENTER>

<H2>Understanding the "Sacred Eight"</H2>

Each of these folders has a special purpose and, for the most part, moving or renaming these folders is a bad idea. When OS X first came out, for example, many Mac users would see these "extra" folders and decide that they would discard them. Having never used the Documents folder under OS 7.6 or 9 and thinking they had no use for something called "Library" or "Desktop" they threw those away, and then were astonished that they lost all of their bookmarks, passwords, addresses or email. Not liking the name of their home folder, they changed it, then wondered where all their things went after a restart. As a general rule one should NEVER rename the four special icons at the root level of your hard drive, a user's home folder or any of the sacred eight.

<P>Each of these eight folders in your home directory has a particular purpose and place to play in your Mac's smooth operation. Which folders are most important will vary from user to user, but for most users all are important at one time or another.

<H3>The Home Folder "Desktop" Folder</H3>

Normally when you start up your computer or log in to your user account on OS X you will see your computer's desktop with a single menu bar across the top, perhaps with a hard drive icon in the upper-right corner, and the OS X dock along the bottom edge. If you are connected to some external servers or have another volume (such as a CD or external hard drive) those may appear, and then there are other things scattered across your desktop. All of these things that are not external volumes (such as CD's, network shares or drives) are actually in your home folder's "Desktop" folder.

<P>The Finder very much wants every OS X user to have a Desktop folder, so if you rename yours or throw it away, the Finder will helpfully create another one, completely empty. I know of one user who used this trick as a filing system, dating their desktop folder and then rebooting to begin anew every month or so. This is NOT recommended.

<P>The Desktop folder is a sort of kitchen counter for many users: a default place to put things when they first come into the house, or a place to put things they are working on at the moment. Some people like a clean desktop and some tend to let things evolve organically. If you are the sort of person who maintains a "creative," crowded or fertile desktop, one huge advantage of the Desktop folder is that you can double-click it from your home folder and view it as a standard window, selecting a different column header in "list view" to view items alphabetically, by date modified and so on. Many people find this less distracting, and much simpler than looking for things on a busy desktop background.

<H3>The Home Folder "Documents" Folder</H3>

"Document" is a generic term for data files created by programs and is sometimes used to distinguish those files from folders or other items such as programs. For the purposes of your home folder a document is pretty much any file created by a program that has not been told where else to go. Many applications will automatically create their own sub-folder within Documents such as "AppleWorks User Data," "Eudora Folder" or "Microsoft User Data" so if you use those programs, don't automatically throw those away. If you do, the program will merely create another the next time it launches, without your data.

<P>Many people find it very useful to create sub-folders within their Documents folder, organized by project or chronologically or otherwise. Perhaps there is one folder for "personal" and one for "work." I even had one client who organized their client files by astrological sign with a color code. I personally like to create a folder called "Client-Specific" where I have subfolders for clients with special files. The main thing is that you understand what the Documents folder is for and that you use it in a way that makes sense for you.

<P>If you have created something and cannot find it on your computer, many programs will save it to the Documents folder by default, so it may be useful to start looking there.

<H3>The Home Folder "Library" Folder</H3>

The Library folder is where many programs store their data, and for the most part you do not want to look or go in here. Programs such as web browsers, email address books and so on, they may have hundreds or even thousands of small documents that they are constantly changing and working with. To manage these by hand would be very complicated, so OS X provides the Library as a place where programs can store data that you would not normally interact with directly. While many people will create a simple letter with a word processing program, for example, they do not want to manually edit the file which tells the word processor what font they usually like to start new letters with. Although we may interact with a single Address Book card or Safari bookmark, we normally view these things and items such as email messages from within one specific program. The Library folder is where the program stores and organizes data so that you don't have to.

<P>As a general rule, you cannot help things by mucking about in the Library folder, and if you throw it away you will lose data, often a LOT of data. If your Mac is working well you should never need to worry about the Library folder, just don't throw it away or rename it.

<H3>The Home Folder "Movies" Folder</H3>

Movies are the first of the three media folders. Each of these is used by iLife programs and it may be useful to use them in your own ways. If you use iMovie, for example, it will store its data files inside your Movies folder. Some people who download movies or copy them from DVD's also find it useful to put all of their movies into this folder. One of the huge advantages of the three media folders is that they make it easy to back up and discard older media. If you never use video programs such as iMovie, this folder may very well be empty, but it does not hurt anything to have it, and may confuse programs later if it is gone.

<H3>The Home Folder "Music" Folder</H3>

Programs such as iTunes and GarageBand automatically store songs you download or create in the Music folder, as do some other programs such as Sibelius, used to compose sheet music. By default GarageBand and iTunes will create sub-folders within here, and the iTunes folder may contain various sub-folders. Within the "iTunes Music" folder, for example, there will be a sub-folder for each artist and one for compilations, with sub-sub-folders for each album and then song files inside of those.

<P>One huge advantage of keeping all your music in this one folder is that it makes backups much easier, allowing you to offload music you are no longer listening to or create data disks directly from these folders and files. Usually if someone is running out of space on their hard drive, it is because they are really into music, pictures or video, and this folder provides a good place to start their backup strategy or to free more space on their "boot drive."

<H3>The Home Folder "Pictures" Folder</H3>

<P>Just as iTunes puts your music in the Music folder, iPhoto creates an "iPhoto Library" folder within Pictures. DO NOT OPEN YOUR IPHOTO LIBRARY. Unlike the "iTunes music" folder which is pretty much just a file hierarchy, programs such as iPhoto and Aperture create complex databases that only the programs should access and change. If working with iPhoto, work within iPhoto and do not go mucking about inside here.

<P>If you work with pictures in other ways, this folder provides a great place to organize files in folders for genealogy, home inspections, product portfolios and so on. Many of my clients have extremely organized photo collections, stored in various folders and sub-folders that make sense to them and allow them to readily find and use just the photo they want more quickly than would be possible with iPhoto.

<H3>The Home Folder "Public" Folder with "Drop Box"</H3>

If you have ever gone to your "System Preferences" and opened up "Sharing" you may have noticed an option to enable "Personal File Sharing." If and only if you have enabled this option, the Public folder is the directory that is shared on the local network. Anything you place in this folder will be visible to others on your local network or (if you machine has a dedicated IP address to the outside world) the Internet. The default behavior is for personal sharing to make all of these files available for download or copying with one major exception, so in small workgroups this is a great place to post files that others may need such as vacation request forms, status reports and so on.

<P>The "Drop Box" folder within your Public folder is one major exception to this rule. If you think of the Public folder as an office door or bulletin board where you can post things for people to copy, the Drop Box is like a mail slot. Others on the network can put things INTO your Drop Box but cannot view them afterwards, making this a great place for people to put files only you should see.

<P>If you do not turn on personal file sharing, the Public folder just sits there, awaiting the day you do.

<H3>The Home Folder "Sites" Folder</H3>

People who copy entire web sites or design web sites for themselves or others sometimes use the Sites folder as a place to store offline copies of those sites. One can download a copy of the CIA World Factbook, for example, and store it locally, or use a "page sucker" program such as Web Devil to download offline copies of entire web sites. It can also be used to host a web site on your local network or intranet.

<P>Another option within the system preference pane for "Sharing" is personal web sharing, which turns on Apache, an industrial-strength Unix program for publishing web sites. If you enable this, the contens of your Sites folder will be available on your local network, making this another way for folks in workgroups to share information on the local intranet. By default there is a sample page preloaded in this folder, and sophisticated users may wish to use services such as dynamic DNS to serve web pages to the world from their personal laptops. OS X gives ordinary people the power of Unix and Apache, which is a very cool and powerful thing.

<H2>Going with the Flow and Steering Your Own Course</H2>

Once you understand the basic ways that Mac OS X thinks and the purpose of your home folder, you can choose to work with it and ways that help you or modify it to match your own preferences. For personal consultation on your work flow and how to increase your pleasure and productivity on the Mac, please consider phoning Mac Rory for an appointment: (360) 695-6929.]]>
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Windows on the Mac 2007</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2007/03/windows_on_the_mac_2007.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=120" title="Windows on the Mac 2007" />
    <id>tag:macrory.com,2007:/blog//1.120</id>
    
    <published>2007-03-13T01:33:24Z</published>
    <updated>2007-04-27T21:10:03Z</updated>
    
    <summary>When Apple began moving its hardware to Intel chips, it opened a lot of possibilities, as I have discussed before. The magic of virtualization and native hardware continue, though, as Apple&apos;s Boot Camp beta software transitions to Leopard this spring and Parallels Desktop adds even more useful features.</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[When Apple began moving its hardware to Intel chips, it opened a lot of possibilities, <A HREF="http://macrory.com/blog/2006/06/windows_on_the_mac_2006.html">as I have discussed before</A>. The magic of virtualization and native hardware continue, though, as Apple's Boot Camp beta software transitions to Leopard this spring and Parallels Desktop adds even more useful features.

<H2>The Best of Both Worlds: Boot Camp with Parallels</H2>

The fastest way to run any software is on native hardware, as Boot Camp (and presumably Leopard, OS 10.5 later this spring) allows. The most convenient way to run Windows on the Mac for most folks, though, is in through a windowed environment such as Parallels. Shortly after Boot Camp was updated to allow installation of Windows XP Home with Service Pack 2 (instead of just XP Pro SP2), Parallels Desktop was also updated to allow that software to use the same drive as Boot Camp. This means that one can install Windows (including hardware devices) on Boot Camp for maximum hardware compatibility and then use the same installation as a Parallels disk image, saving the hassle of two different Windows installations and also allowing for better isolation of the Windows NTFS environment.

<P>My recommendation for folks looking to install Windows on their Intel Macs is to do the intial installation and update with Boot Camp and then later to download and install Parallels Desktop for $80 to use the same partition. Since one is more likely to actually USE the Windows environment this way (and Boot Camp does not allow simple resizing of partitions) I usually suggest that people make this partition 10GB or so, providing a little bit of headroom.

<H2>Hardware and RAM</H2>

Crucial to a good Windows experience in Parallels is having plenty of RAM. I had originally installed Boot Camp and Parallels on my MacBook with 512MB of RAM (the bare minimum) but performance improved dramatically when I upped my physcial RAM to 2GB: so much so that I now recommend at least 2GB of RAM to those clients of mine who will be doing more than a few small things in Windows.

<P>For all but hardcore gamers, my experience is that an Intel iMac, MacMini or MacBook works equally well when given enough RAM, and basic configurations for machines at the highest possible prices are still in the $1200-1800 range, before Windows
<UL>
<LI>MacMini with 2GB of RAM and SuperDrive from Apple Store with Apple Care is $1,198
<LI>MacBook with 2GB of RAM and SuperDrive from Apple Store with Apple Care is $1,723
</UL>

A copy of Windows XP will run $200-$300 at the highest possible retail price, and are frequently available online through eBay or as OEM copies for $100 or less, while older copies of Microsoft Office 2003 range in price from under $100 to $200, mostly depending on whether they include Access or not. Full installation, updating and configuration of this usually takes between two and four hours with a high-speed connection.

<P>If you have previously purchased a version of Windows XP as part of Microsoft's Virtual PC, my experience so far has been that this installation code will work with a standard OEM or retail WinXP media, and the release of Microsoft Vista earlier this year means that there are also various legal second-hand licenses available from folks who purchased retail copies of XP but have now upgraded.

<H2>Sharing Folders Between Mac and Windows</H2>

There are a variety of ways to move files between the Mac and Windows environments, depending on what one's goals are. The safest and simplest for many people to understand is a Windows-formatted USB flash drive and an extremely local version of what we used to call "sneaker net." When booted into Windows insert the flash drive and then eject it like a floppy disk to load into the Mac OS later. Another option is to configure shared folders within Parallels or to enable Windows File Sharing on Mac OS X and access it as a Windows Service from within Parallels. Each has its advantages and disadvantages, but more conservative options are usually safest.

<H2>Securing Windows XP</H2>

Once Windows is running, one will want to secure it on Apple hardware as one would under other circumstances. Download safer programs such as FireFox rather than Internet Explorer (to avoid a variety of ActiveX attacks) and use email programs such as Thunderbird for email rather than Outlook or Outlook Express. To simplify Windows printing I download and install the free CutePDF Writer software and bypass various Windows Media Player attacks by installing QuickTime with iTunes, as well as doing the standard things such as installing anti-virus programs and free programs such as AdAware SE Personal Edition. In combination with automatic Windows updates (which are released on the second Tuesday of each month) I have round Windows XP with SP2 to be quite safe so far, especially if one is careful not to visit "honey pot" baited malware sites such as free porn sites, online gambling or file sharing services.

<H2>Coherence in Parallels</H2>

One of the coolest things for Mac folks who need to run only one or two Windows programs, though is a new feature in Parallels Desktop called "coherence." What Parallels Coherence does is to hide the Windows desktop entirely, while placing a Windows start bar just above the Mac OS X dock. Windows programs that are running under Coherence appear as Windows windows much as they would in a WINE environment, making the entire experience much less jarring. This has been a huge advantage to  folks who need to run just one or two programs such as Outlook or IE6 for MLS or QuickBooks Enterprise, and involves much less cognitive work for the ordinary user.

<H2>Ready for Prime Time</H2>

For the first time in my professional life I find myself unafraid to tell clients that their Macs can really run Windows programs as well as Windows hardware, and it is a great relief to us all. Older, legacy hardware such as serial-port devices and parallel printers are still rather difficult to use, but the basic software works as well on Apple hardware as any other.

<P>If you would like help in configuring your Intel Mac to give you the best of both worlds, please consider phoning Mac Rory at (360) 695-6929.

<H2>Links</H2>
<UL>
<LI>http://www.apple.com/macosx/bootcamp/
<LI>http://www.parallels.com/en/products/desktop/
<LI>http://www.parallels.com/products/coherence/
<LI>http://www.nextag.com/windows-xp-pro-oem-software/search-html
</UL>
]]>
        
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Old Computers</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2006/12/old_computers.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=114" title="Old Computers" />
    <id>tag:macrory.com,2006:/blog//1.114</id>
    
    <published>2006-12-07T20:00:00Z</published>
    <updated>2007-04-27T21:09:44Z</updated>
    
    <summary>With the end of one year and the beginning of another, many people need to decide what to do with their old computers. Whether you are a facilities manager with a palette of electronic waste or just an apartment dweller looking to clear the clutter, how to safely erase your old machine and responsibly dispose of the hardware is an issue. Below are some simple guidelines to help you.</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[With the end of one year and the beginning of another, many people need to decide what to do with their old computers. Whether you are a facilities manager with a palette of electronic waste or just an apartment dweller looking to clear the clutter, how to safely erase your old machine and responsibly dispose of the hardware is an issue. Below are some simple guidelines to help you.

<H3>Hardware and Data and Software, Oh My!</H3>

Hardware and software and data are the three main things to consider when disposing of old computers. Hardware is the physical equipment such as cables and monitors and the various boxes that technology involves. Software includes the manuals and installation media, while data is the individualized information you have entered into your computer system. If I have a "pismo" PowerBook G3 with my resume and credit history in Microsoft Word format the resume is data, Word is software and the PowerBook itself is hardware.

<H3>Transfer, Archive and Destroy Data</H3>

Most people who donate computers to Goodwill just hand over the box, including their personal data. Many responsible charities or resellers will immediately test the equipment and erase the hard drive, but this does not always happen. It is important, then, to identify whatever files you want to keep and to transfer them to floppy disks or zip disks, CD or a USB flash drive before you erase them.

<P>When you "erase" or "trash" a file from your computer it is usually not destroyed, but only removed from easy access through a window manager (such as the Mac OS "Finder") and its space on the hard drive made available for other files to over-write. Some utility programs such as Norton "Unerase" can recover these files, as various naive criminals have discovered. To make a file unrecoverable involves over-writing its space on the hard drive several times or drastic measures such as "degaussing" the hard drive, as is done for military hardware such as the US spy plane which landed on China's Hainan Island in the spring of 2001.

<P>For people with extremely sensitive information, there are various computer programs called "shredders" which simplify this process. Programs such as "Super Scrubber" for Mac OS will boot from a CD and use a series of military-grade wipes and over-writes to foil known methods of data recovery and remanance. In most cases the "ordinary" home user can accomplish much the same thing by simply booting from the CD which came with their computer, repartitioning the hard drive a few times and then restoring the drive to its factory-delivered state.

<P>If you are donating or giving away a computer I strongly suggest that you find the original CD's that came with the computer, boot from those and use the "restore" function of the CD to do this. If I am not certain that manuals and such will physically stay with the machine I normally leave this boot disk in the machine itself after shutdown, so that it is wth the machine it restores. People who are more mechanically inclined, suspicious or who cannot transfer data in other ways may prefer to physically open the machine and remove the hard drive for storage or physical destruction. For all practical purposes, disassembling a hard drive and exposing the platters will effectively render it unreadable.

<H3>Saving and Transfering Software</H3>

If you have purchased software for your computer it came with an end-user licensing agreement, or "EULA." In most cases the EULA allows you to install the software on a single computer for your own use, and to erase the software from any computer before transfering it to someone else. If you would like to install your software on another computer, you may, and you are usually within your legal rights to sell or give the software to someone else, providing that you remove it from your own computer(s) and transfer the installation media and licenses to them. If I installed Microsoft Office 98 onto my PowerBook G3 and then later bought a full version of Office 2004, I can legally give my Office 98 CD to someone else, so long as I delete it from my computer and give them the original installation CD.

<P>Some "upgrade" versions of software require that you keep the older copy for installation or proof of ownership, so check your software before you give it away. If you purchased a new copy of Mac OS 10.4 "Tiger" for example and installed it onto a machine which came with Mac OS 10.2 you can legally give the copy of 10.2 that came with the machine away and install your new OS onto whatever single machine you choose. If you purchased a PC with Windows 98, though, and then later upgraded it to a newer version of Windows, you must legally transfer the original software and upgrade together. Most upgrade versions of Adobe and Microsoft software are the same, so if you have purchased upgrade versions of some software it is important to save a copy of the original "full" version.

<H3>Used Computer Hardware</H3>

Sometimes it is a charity to give someone old computer hardware and sometimes it is not. Generally the  more sophisticated a computer user is, the more likely they are to be able to use old hardware. Less sophisticated users are more comfortable with completely configured systems and almost no one has any use for computer hardware more than ten years old. Whether it is from the 1970's or the latest and greatest tech gizmo, though, almost all computer hardware contains toxic materials. Even the simplest electronics are manufactured using chemicals such as lead, zinc, cadmium and mercury. When released into the environment these are toxic and so computers are frequenty classified as "electronic waste."

<P>Electronic waste cannot be recycled as easily as other materials, and should be disposed of responsibly. Monitors, batteries and the common "wall wart" transformers used to charge cell phones and power computers are particularly dangerous should their components leak into soil and groundwater. Like paint or other household chemicals, these should be disposed of at separate facilities. Telephone your county government for programs in your area, or consider taking your electronics to places where they will be responsibly recycled or reused.

<P>In the Portland area we are very fortunate to have an organization called Free Geek which specializes in recycling used electronics. They ask for a small donation to defray their own disposal costs, but work with a small army of volunteers to responsibly reuse and put as many of these electronics as possible back into useful circulation. Their sister organization Mac Renewal works with them on much of the Macintosh stuff, and they have done loads of good for many years.

<H3>Businesses Beware!</H3>

If your business has records in programs or formats you no longer use, it is absolutely vital that you keep copies of the hardware and programs to access those records, or to convert them to media or formats you can use in the future. In my experience, accounting and backup software is the kind that is most likely to be forgotten or abandoned until it is too late. If at all possible, printed copies of key reports (such as profit and loss statements, tax returns and general ledgers) should be made and electronic versions such as PDF or tab-delimited text files should be created and copied to new media (such as a hard drive or CD) every two years. History is littered with obsolete file formats and old media types such as 8.5" floppies, SyQuest cartridges and so on. Making sure that your crucial data is readable on your current computers can be vital to your business, and if you have to keep an old computer in storage for this to happen, be sure you do so.

<P>Another problem that seems peculiar to businesses is the existence of specialized equipment or software that people don't normally think of as a "computer" or a "program." A certain card reader for your point of sale or inventory system, for example, is usually computer equipment, although not the sort you think of. If your entire store runs on fifteen-year-old software and a PowerMac 7200 or DOS machine it is vital that you plan for this. Usually I suggest that businesses who depend on such equipment plan immediately for its repair or replacement, such as by purchasing redundant "organ donor" machines as similar to (or identical) to their current older hardware. This makes it possible to have a quick spare when one machine breaks, and planning for this now can avoid a lot of heartache later.

<H3>So What Do I Do?</A>

At MacRory.com I am often asked by people what they should do with their used computer equipment, and my general order of preference is as follows:

<OL><LI>Use your restoration CD to erase the computer and give it to someone
</LI><LI>Use your restoration CD to erase the computer and donate it to charity
</LI><LI>Erase the hard drive and make a donation to an organization such as Free Geek
</LI><LI>Erase or remove the hard drive and take it to a designated hazardous waste area
</LI><LI>Complete sets of software and manuals may also be assembled and donated
</LI><LI>Almost no one wants old manuals, software or computer books older than ten years
</LI></OL>

If you would like professional help in archiving and transfering data from your old computers, please consider phoning Mac Rory at (360) 695-6929.

May all your old equipment find a happy home and your new year transitions be smooth ones.

<H3>Links</H3>

<UL><LI><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_waste">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_waste
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shredding">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shredding
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://macrory.com/blog/2006/05/content_management.html">MacRory article on content mangaement
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://macrory.com/blog/2006/03/understanding_file_formats.html">Understanding file formats
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://freegeek.org">Free Geek</A> and their <A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Geek">Wikipedia article</A>
</A></LI></UL>]]>
        
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Database Basics</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2006/11/database_basics.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=17" title="Database Basics" />
    <id>tag:macrory.com,2006:/blog//1.17</id>
    
    <published>2006-11-07T20:00:00Z</published>
    <updated>2007-04-27T21:11:14Z</updated>
    
    <summary>In non-technical terms a &quot;database&quot; is a collection of information, organized in a clear way for rapid searching and retrieval. If the real-world equivalent of a word processing document is the typewriter and the real-world equivalent of a spreadsheet is the ledger, the best physical model for most databases is...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[In non-technical terms a "database" is a collection of information, organized in a clear way for rapid searching and retrieval. If the real-world equivalent of a word processing document is the typewriter and the real-world equivalent of a spreadsheet is the ledger, the best physical model for most databases is probably a rolodex or card file, where each card represents a record (such as a contact or a recipe) and each card contains information about that record (such as address, ingredients or directions). Mundane real-world "databases" might include such simple things as dictionaries, phone books or encyclopedias. More complex databases includes such things as the LexisNexis database of articles, credit information used by the finance industry and the various databases used by the Social Security Administration and Internal Revenue Service for various "data mining" operations. Complex databases may involved hundreds of different tables and sources, with sophisticated filters and calculations built in. Simpler "flat file" databases can be expressed as a simple two-dimensional table, such as a single spreadsheet with one row per entry and one column per attribute. The simplest kind of database is usually an address list with each person on a separate line, with columns for first name, last name, address, phone number and so on.

<H3>Common Databases</H3>

<P>Many common programs organize document data in a database and, to a certain extent, are database management systems. Email programs, for example, organize messages to sort and display messages by such fields as sender, date and subject line. Address book programs manage tables of information about contacts as do scheduling programs such as iCal, Entourage or Palm Desktop. Finance programs are essentially database managers for financial information, so if you have ever used email or Quicken, you already know quite a bit about databases.

<H3>Database Schema or Tables</H3>

<P>At the simplest level databases are organized according to a pattern or "schema" such as a table. The best databases have a different schema for each entity: a different table for each sort of thing they are tracking. An email program, for example, will often have two tables: one to manage email messages and a second to manage email addresses. A table of addresses, or example, will list one address per row, with different columns for different attributes of each address such as first name, last name, email address and telephone number. A table (schema) of records (entities) contains fields ( or attributes) for each record, organized in a consistent way.

<H3>Advantages of a Database</H3>

Most people will organically grow toward a database, beginning with a word processing document (a basic typed list of addresses), organizing that into columns (a spreadsheet of addresses, which can be sorted by name or ZIP code) and then into a simple database program such as Address Book, Palm Desktop, Microsoft Works, AppleWorks, Access or FileMaker. A database offers many advantages such as

<OL><LI>Ability to rapidly sort or search through many records
</LI><LI>More consistent entry of many small changes over time
</LI><LI>Consistent long-term storage of data "behind the scenes"
</LI><LI>Ability to re-use the same information in different formats
</LI><LI>Ability to import or export data into different programs as needed
</LI><LI>Ability to link data easily to other data, such as customers to invoices
</LI><LI>Ability to generate reports and calculations from disparate data
</LI></OL>

If you routinely generate a list for holiday cards, for example, you can store postal information for everyone in a single place, and use the same file to store related information such as phone numbers, birthdays and anniversaries. If one is a business who is already tracking contacts, phone messages, sales, inventory and expenses, a better understanding of these disparate databases can be leveraged so that such information works together.

<H3>Identifying Databases</H3>

Almost anything which is worth tracking is more valuable when tracked in a logical, retrievable manner. The advantage of Quicken over a paper checkbook is that it can do arithmetic for you and quickly search through a ledger by date, category or payee. The advantage of MYOB or QuickBooks over Quicken is that it can also sort and report data in more sophisticated ways. Programs such as Entourage and Palm Desktop combine a variety of different tables with varying degrees of success, and programs such as FileMaker or technologies such as MySQL allow one to connect wildly disparate data in ways that exactly match your preferences and business needs. What sorts of things are you tracking now? How are they similar or different? How could these things be more logically related?

<P>Among the sorts of things most people track in some way are:
<UL><LI>Contacts: names, emails, phone numbers, customers, accounts
</LI><LI>Tasks: things to do, dates due, project steps, maintenance
</LI><LI>Appointments; dates, times, locations, notes or minutes
</LI><LI>Transactions: payments, receipts, invoices, bills
</LI><LI>Documents: memoes, instructions, directions, minutes, notes
</LI><LI>Inventory: equipment, supplies, manuals, service, warranties, repairs
</LI></UL>

<H3>Getting Started</H3>

Frequently the best way to begin organizing things is in folders on the desktop or hard drive. Sometimes it is on physical index cards. Perhaps it is on Excel spreadsheets. The best method will depend on who you are, what you prefer and what you need to track. Once you have identified your needs, please consider contacting us to discuss what programs and procedures would best meet your needs. Phone Mac Rory at (360) 695-6929.

<H3>Links...
</H3><UL><LI><A HREF="http://www.macupdate.com/info.php/id/6973">Palm Desktop
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.intuit.com/products/">Quicken and QuickBooks
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.myob.com/us/products/2006_firstedge/">MYOB FirstEdge
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://myob.com/us/products/2006_accountedge/">MYOB AccountEdge
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://homepage.mac.com/cohora/computer/db/index.html">AppleWorks Database Tutorials
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.filemaker.com/">FileMaker
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.4d.com/">Fourth Dimension
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_management_system">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_management_system
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://databases.about.com/">Mike Chapelle's Database Column at About
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://fmforums.com/">FM Forums for FileMaker sharing
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.mtdata.com/~drred/cottagemed/about.htm">Cottage Med free electronic medical records (EMR) managemetn software using FileMaker
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.shrinkrapt.com/">ShrinkRapt software for psychologists
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.martialartsorganizer.com">Martial Arts Organizer for gym management
</A></LI></UL>]]>
        
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Presentation Software</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2006/10/presentation_software.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=29" title="Presentation Software" />
    <id>tag:macrory.com,2006:/blog//1.29</id>
    
    <published>2006-10-07T20:00:00Z</published>
    <updated>2007-01-01T03:37:02Z</updated>
    
    <summary>If the electronic version of a typewriter is the word processor, of ledgers the spreadsheet, and of a card file the database, presentation software is the electronic incarnation of the slide show or of the flip chart so famously demonstrated by Ross Perot in 1992 or (more recently) by Al...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[If the electronic version of a typewriter is the word processor, of ledgers the spreadsheet, and of a card file the database, presentation software is the electronic incarnation of the slide show or of the flip chart so famously demonstrated by Ross Perot in 1992 or (more recently) by Al Gore in the movie "An Inconvenient Truth." Designed to present a series of screens or "slides" as a visual aid, presentation software can be used from everything from church hymnal to making movies. In skillful hands it can create things of beauty but in most cases it is an express train to banality.

<P>The theory behind presentation software is that visual aids help comprehension of spoken material and that having a single legible representation helps an audience to stay focussed and together. At the opera or in church, presentation software can display song lyrics or translation through super-titles. In a lecture, clear slides can free the speaker from the chalk or whiteboard in favor of a more methodical and consistent outline. A presentation can be a convenient way to carry a variety of portable graphics, but in practice most presentation software makes presentations seem twice as tedious and banal than they already are by dividing the audience's attention between multiple media and repeatedly over-stating the obvious. Those who decide to use presentation software, then, are under a grave moral obligation to use it as intelligently and ethically as possible.

<H3>Slides, Bullets and Drumbeats
</H3><P>By organizing data into a series of sequential slides, presentation software by its nature creates a mechanistic, lock-step narrative, unswerving in its avoidance of digression and dictatorial in its general hostility to questions. Frequently used by speakers as a crutch to avoid thinking or engaging with the audience, the perfect example of this is the technique called a "bullet build." The bullet-build is a list of five or so items, pre-arranged to appear in sequence one at a time, perhaps with an animation as if pre-ordained. If the bullet build is titled "meals served" and the title fills the upper quarter of the slide, it is guaranteed that three meals will be presented in order, without room for snacks or discussions of such pesky issues as junk food or blood sugar. Thus spake Zarathustra. A series of such slides, inexorably moving forward, has a mechanistic drumbeat drone to it and generally discourages critical thinking, especially in the hands of a nervous, inexperienced or mechanistic speaker. Like the workday for proles in Fritz Lang's 1927 movie <CITE>Metropolis</CITE>, this tap-tapping rhythm makes the phrase "droning PowerPoint presentation" almost a triple redundancy.

<H3>Best Practices
</H3><P>What then are the aesthetic and ethical rules for using presentation software? How can one use it so that it is not authoritarian, dicatatorial and didactic? Perhaps one cannot.</P>

<H3>What Are You Doing?

</H3><P>People use presentation software for a variety of things, and your intent will determine if and how you use it. The best use of presentation software is perhaps in the hands of a skilled lecturer who uses it to quickly provide key ideas and references (such as citations for texts or studies) without interrupting the general narrative. Medical conferences frequently feature this sort of presentation: usually no more than a dozen or so slides, the first of which introduces the speaker, half of which cite other studies and half of which provide key illustrations which are referred to throughout the lecture and can be used in multiple ways or referred to during questions. Slides such as this are easy to find and serve an immediate need that does NOT distract from the main speaker. "Here we see a radiograph where a dark spot may indicate an abnormality."

<P>A second use of presentation software is similar and may take place at a public briefing, including such things as contact numbers for city offices, a proposed timeline for a project and perhaps a few maps or photographs of a project area.

<P>A third use of presentation software is at an event such as a wedding, reunion or funeral, where a series of related photos appear and disappear on the screen, perhaps to musical accompaniment. This is where presentation software starts to merge into opera or multi-media moviemaking. The point is not to provide an aid to a live speaker or a discussion but to provide a self-running presentation that may be accompanied by music or narration. Depending on the length and complexity of such a presentation, sometimes it is more logical to use a tool other than Keynote or Power Point. On the Macintosh two of the more common choices are iPhoto or iMovie, which allow one to lay down a series of slides with interesting transitional effects more quickly or to assemble slides and then record an underlying narrative, similar to a Ken Burns documentary.

<P>The worst use presentation software is to present propaganda and canned narrative as a <CITE>fait accompli</CITE>. In this case the software is used to dictate a predetermined order with only the vaguest pretense of conversation or feedback. The viewer is not encouraged to ask any questions that will divert from the set script, nor are they allowed to muse on the material themselves, as they might with an artistic photo collage at a wedding or funeral. Such presentations are essentially a force-feeding of canned information, predominantly used by cookie-cutter trainers and sales people, who discourage substantive questions and dicussion. It is these sorts of presentation which lead thinkers such as Edward Tufte to denounce Power Point as essentially authoritarian and hostile to thought.</P>

<H3>Rules of Thumb
</H3><P>In most cases I am of the personal opinion that the fewer slides there are in a presentation, the more honest and useful it is, provided that the slides are carefully chosen to be used in a variety of ways. Sometimes there will need to be a quick series of slides to establish background terms or timelines, but the main body of a presentation can almost always be presented in half a dozen slides, chosen for their ability to encourage questions, understanding and an attention to detail.</P>

<P>Another excellent guideline is to limit the amount of information per slide. The standard presentation slide is a title with a single picture or graphic and text, or perhaps a series of bullet points. Most slides should contain no more than twenty words or no more than four or five bullet points. More data than this tends to become a sea of confusion, as do more than one or two pictures at a time. Two or three pictures allow comparison. Three or more pictures are merely a collage, with little opportunity to examine them. Small pictures are too muddy to be useful and (like too many words) just become noise. Much as writing can be seen as God's way of showing you how muddled your thinking is, presentation software can show you how rambling your thoughts. Most non-academic presentations should be easily summarized on a single sheet of paper, and if your presentation will not so fit, it is good to consider why that is the case.</P>

<H3>Consistency
</H3><P>Almost every presentation software package allows you to select a theme or style for your slides beforehand, and then to add a particular type of slide: a title slide, a single graphic, a graphic with caption or a bulleted list. If you use this feature it will make your slides much more consistent, and allow you to re-use your material more efficiently. Building slides separately by scratch will usually make your presentation more disjointed, so use master slides and styles much as you would styles in a word processing document.

<H3>Speaker's Notes
</H3><P>Many presentation programs will allow you to create a separate page of "speaker's notes" to accompany each slide, and many people use this space to write out everything they will say, word for word. If you need such a crutch, use it, but it is usually smarter to use this space to cite your sources and your references, not duplicating information that is on the main slide but providing details for the question and answer session, or to refer to during the presentation itself. If a picture comes from a web site, monograph or book, speaker's notes are an excellent place to record this fact, so that the same material can be verified or re-used later. For statistics and citations, this is especially important.</P>

<H3>Exporting and Saving
</H3><P>Another thing which many presentation software packages allow you to do is to export or save your presentation so that they can be distributed as physical handouts, HTML pages or even exported to the web or DVD as movies. If you consider how your audience may wish to use your presentation, exporting it or uploading it to a web page beforehand provides a nice thing to put on your last slide. If you have a camera or iPod which can be hooked up to a large-screen television or projector, frequently a presentation can be exported as a series of JPG photographs, making the transition full circle from when presentations were first created from cameras and shown as slides.

<H3>Links...
</H3><UL>
</A></UL><LI><A HREF="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.09/ppt1.html">David Byrne on PowerPoint as Dada Multimeda Tool
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.09/ppt2.html">Edward Tufte on PowerPoint as Stalinistic Evil
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.edwardtufte.com/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=0000Jr&topic_id=1">Specific example from Tufte re Cancer Survival Rates
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.physics.ohio-state.edu/~wilkins/group/powerpt.html">Ian Parker's article "Absolute PowerPoint" from <CITE>The New Yorker</CITE>, May 18, 2001.
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.presentations.com/presentations/delivery/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000482464">A defense of PowerPoint from Presentations.Com
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.presentationzen.com/">PresentationZen.Com
</LI></UL>]]>
        
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Basic Page Layout</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2006/08/basic_page_layout.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=25" title="Basic Page Layout" />
    <id>tag:macrory.com,2006:/blog//1.25</id>
    
    <published>2006-08-28T20:00:00Z</published>
    <updated>2007-01-01T03:39:47Z</updated>
    
    <summary>However modest your life, odds are that at some point you&apos;ll need to do some basic design or page layout. Whether for a business card, a brochure, a newsletter or a &quot;lost dog&quot; poster it helps to understand basic concepts such as white space, alignment, contrast and typography. If you...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[<P>However modest your life, odds are that at some point you'll need to do some basic design or page layout. Whether for a business card, a brochure, a newsletter or a "lost dog" poster it helps to understand basic concepts such as white space, alignment, contrast and typography. If you use a computer it also helps to understand a little bit about page layout and how to use any program for good design.

<H3>Principles of Good Design
</H3><P>In her excellent 1994 <CITE>Non-Designer's Design Book</CITE>, Robin Williams discusses four principles of good design: contrast, repetition, alignment and proximity, giving clear examples of how such things add to and extend the basic message and meaning conveyed by pictures and text. Whether you are just laying out a simple memo in a word processor or designing the template for a magazine, this and a basic understanding of fonts can go a long way to making your message clearer and making you look good.

<H3>Serif and San Serif Type
</H3><P>One of the most basic things computers make possible is a choice among many letter shapes and styles, popularly known as fonts. The technology of fonts has changed across the centuries with technology, but the basic rules have been in place since the middle ages, as inspection of illustrated manuscripts, shows. Design conventions such as drop caps, pull-outs, multiple columns and captions have been around for hundreds of years and the conventions first used by medieval monks are still visible on the front page of <CITE>USA Today</CITE>.

<P>Chief among these is the use of "serifs" on fonts. Serifs are the little "wings" on the tips of some letters and help the eye to fly along lines of extended text. The general rule of thumb is that serif fonts are used in body text and that fonts without serifs (called "san serif") are used for headings and text elements designed to "stop the eye." Newspaper and magazine stories are laid out in serif type, while single-word signs such as "stop" and "go" and "yield" are almost always in san-serif, block type. The presence or absence of serifs is one of the primary characteristics of a font and a reason to use or not use it for a given purpose.

<H3>Proportional and Monospace Fonts
</H3></P>Another key characteristic of letter forms is their proportionality. "Monospace" fonts such as those used by mid-century typewriters are such that each letter is equally wide: a capital "w" takes up the same amount of space from side-to-side as a lower-case "i" or "n" for a word such as "win." In a proportional font, these letters would have different widths, and the width of a word will vary not only on the number of letters it contains, but which letters. Monospace fonts are frequently used when arranging tabular data or rows of numbers, while proportional fonts are usually used for text. The typeface "Times," for example, was designed for The Times of London in 1931 for printing the maximum amount of text legibly on poor-quality newsprint. Almost all modern fonts are proportional, but monospace fonts are often still used for mathematical tables, text which mimics a typewriter or to display computer code (in emulation of monospace computer monitors).
 
<H3>White Space, Alignment and Asymetry
</H3><P>"White space" refers to intentionally empty area within a design to let the eye "breathe" and set the various portions of text and graphic elements off from one another. White space can include large areas of empty space or much smaller areas such as the "kerning" between letters, the "leading" between lines of type or the trailing and leading spaces before, after or between headlines, subheadings, body text, graphics and captions. Insufficient white space is the main design error that most people make, as they try to place as much on the page surface as possible, rather than change the size of certain elements to allow white space so each element is clearly visible.

<P>Too much unorganized white space, however, can also be disorienting and seem disjointed. One of the basic tricks to using white space well with text and graphics is to align graphic elements in a way which supports their organization. When a typewritten letter is left-aligned in full block style with a single point of alignment down the left side with space between paragraphs and a "ragged right" edge, portions of the letter such as date, addresses, body and salutation lines are easier to distinguish. Each element within the design is distinct, but the many parts are also united through consistent alignment.

<P>Good design is almost never symetrical, though, so if pictures or graphics are placed on the page they should almost never be centered or clustered together in repetitive or formulaic ways. Setting a graphic off at an angle (with its far-right edge aligned to the text margin), for example, creates a sense of motion and dynamics. Some consistency and uniformity is created through alignment and consistent spacing within paragraphs, but each page should contain some asymetric elements as well.

<P>Lastly, like things should be grouped together in close proximity. A caption should be near the picture it describes and related address information should be in close proximity. A numbered or bulleted list may have spaces before and after it, so that the list elements clearly go together. Looking around you at design which works, notice how design elements work with or against style, readability and grace.

<H3>Headers, Footers and Rules
</H3><P>If your documents will be longer than one page, don't forget to include headers, footers and rules as part of your design. Will your pages include dates or page numbers? How big and where? Will right and left pages mirror each other with a central "gutter" for binding, or be designed for one-sided printing and staple-binding? Will your design include graphic elements such as logos or a rule to divide the page into sections? If there is color, will the same design also work as a grayscale photocopy or a black-and-white screen print? If you use a word processing program for most of your documents, it is worth your time to establish a complete style sheet for that program as mentioned <A HREF="">in an earlier article on word processing basics</A>.

<H3>Page Layout Programs
</H3><P>One of the things which page layout programs make possible is the design of "master pages" to include graphics, text, headers, footers and more. If you have certain kinds of documents or reports you are constantly creating, taking the time to find or create a good template which incorporates good design is a huge time saver, or have a professional graphic designer create templates for you with a few clear fonts and rules. It is unusual for a good design to contain more than three or four variations in typography, for example, including minor variations such as size or letter style as different types. Emphasis and contrast is achieved, instead, by artful placement of graphics and text on the page.

<H3>Master Pages and Templates
</H3>Many page layout programs include a variety of sample documents to get you started, and it is worth taking a look at these, whether to use or just examine for ideas and to see how the program can be used. Sometimes called "templates" or "stationery" or "starting points" in a "project gallery," such documents don't merely include a variety of paragraph styles, but different page types: left, right, cover, index, glossary and so on. Of the commonly available page layout programs for ordinary users, the Pages program in Apple's iWork suite has the most sophisticated selection of templates, with a variety of master pages within almost all of them. Once you have your own designs down, be certain to create and save master pages in a template of your own.

<H3>Text Boxes, Graphics, Placeholders and More
</H3><P>One fundamental difference between a word processor and a page layout program is the concept of text and graphic boxes which allow one to "place" such objects next to each other and attach them to the page or each other in various ways. There is even a special kind of gibberish text called "lorem ipsum" that is often used placeholder text, to show a design and allow layouts to be created without specific content.

<P>In the days between movable type and desktop publishing (DTP), graphics and blocks of text were trimmed using razor blades and pasted onto large grids of paper called "flats" to be photographed. With DTP computer programs replaced these physical objects with text and graphic boxes, which could then be rearranged on the page in various ways, allowing text "flows" from one box to another across columns on the same page or as "jumps" to other pages, as is common in magazines.

<P>This concept of placeholder boxes and objects is fundamentally different from the word processing single-column model, where most text and graphics fill a single text box which spans the entire page and automatically "jumps" to the following page as needed. One of the things modular design with text boxes and graphics allows is the ability to "wrap" text around a graphic or place text and graphics above or beneath text, perhaps with various degrees of transparency or opacity. The details of how this is done vary from one program to another, but it helps to understand that it is possible. It is also possible to "anchor" a particular text or graphics box to another or to a particular place on the page. One may wish to anchor a caption to its graphic, for example, or anchor a headline to a particular place on a front page.

<H3>Export and Pre-Flight
</H3><P>If your work is to be printed on anything more sophisticated than your $100 inkjet printer, you will want to check with your production person or printer to see exactly how they need the job delivered. Professional designers are constantly performing such esoterica as creating color separations, registry or cropmarks, and extracting fonts to deliver with a job as part of a process generally known as "pre-flight." If your job is merely going to the local copy center, you probably needn't do anything more complex than create a PDF, but it is always a good idea to check with your printer early, to be sure.

<P>On Mac OS X it is trivial to create a document using Adobe's portable document format (PDF): from any print dialogue box simply select the "Save as PDF" option in the lower-left corner. For fancier programs such as Illustrator, Quark or InDesign this will work, but you can get much better results by exporting in various ways to specialized PDF documents or formats such as encapsulated postscript (EPS). Check with your printer or production person, as they may be able to give you settings or special parsed printer description (PPD) files which can dramatically improve the quality of your print job on their printers, imagesetters or other equipment.

<P>As always, for more instruction on basic page layout or computer workflows, please consider phoning Mac Rory at (360) 695-6929.

<P>Happy layout!



<H3>Links...
</H3><UL>
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typeface">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typeface
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serif">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serif
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorem_ipsum"
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.peachpit.com/bookstore/product.asp?isbn=0321193857&rl=1">Robin Williams' <CITE>The Non-Designer's Design Book, Second Edition</CITE>
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.peachpit.com/bookstore/product.asp?isbn=0321303369&rl=1">Robin Williams' <CITE>The Non-Designer's Type Book, Second Edit</CITE>
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.peachpit.com/bookstore/product.asp?isbn=0321303377&rl=1">Robin Williams' <CITE>The Non-Designer's Web Book, Third Edition</CITE>
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.peachpit.com/bookstore/product.asp?isbn=0201700883&rl=1"><CITE>Robin Williams Design Workshop</CITE> book
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="">
</A></LI></UL>]]>
        
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Children And Computers</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2006/08/children_and_computers.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=59" title="Children And Computers" />
    <id>tag:macrory.com,2006:/blog//1.59</id>
    
    <published>2006-08-21T20:00:00Z</published>
    <updated>2007-04-27T21:12:24Z</updated>
    
    <summary>In a previous life I was an elementary-school teacher and one of the first people I knew of to try and bring Internet into the classroom, yet today I usually encourage parents NOT to get their children computers. Here I explain why and a very little bit about where I think computers fit into pedagogy and children&apos;s lives.</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[In a previous life I was an elementary-school teacher andhad more opportunity than most to think about the place of technology in education, computers in particular. Through an accident of history I was a freshman at Reed College the year it's most famous drop-out introduced his pet project, the Macintosh, watching as the calligraphy culture of Lloyd Reynolds was replaced by desktop publishing. As a charter member of the Teach for America national teacher corps I got to work in a school whose officially-supported technology was frozen at approximately 1920. In the mid-nineties I argued for the inclusion of Internet resources for our school and used to download web sites to floppy disks so that Internet resources such as the CIA World Factbook would be available to my students. Now, having abandoned teaching to work as a computer consultant people are often surprised that I do NOT consider computers an appropriate tool for most children, and certainly not a primary learning tool. Today I would like to briefly explain why.

<H3>Why Educate Children?</H3>
The primary purpose of education is to pass down human culture and wisdom, to help people feel more confident and at home in the world, to understand things and be better humans. As humans we live in a very particular world, bounded by certain physical, social and emotional or spiritual realities that we make sense of, understand and interact with, primarily through thought. When asking what is the best, most appropriate education, one must first ask what is a good person. What do we want to be? And what do we want our neighbors and children to be? When phrased this way, almost no one  will immediately suggest computers.

<H3>Tools are Not People</H3>

Whether you believe that children are primarily spiritual beings or immature, late-paleolithic mammals, your answer shall probably touch on ideas of understanding one's place in the world and being able to negotiate that place in a thoughtful, caring way. Part of this involves physical manipulation, part involves socialization; a large part of it involves adaptation and comprehension, and perhaps terms such as "compassion" or "independence" or "flexibility" come into the mix. These are not the sort of skills that children learn from computers.

<P>Every sort of culture and mammal raises their children in a series of fairly predictable steps: feeding and protecting the young ones through constant communication and touch, allowing them to be present to observe activities by others, communicating with by word and gesture, encouraging imitative play and gradually correcting maladaptive mistakes or "errors." The young are weaned both physically and mentally to become functional adults in the larger environment, carrying on the species or culture beyond the parent's biological death. None of the fundamental skills are best taught at a computer, but in a physical or social world with guidance and feedback from others.

<P>Children don't need computers. What they do need  are others: mentors, elders, peers, siblings and other creatures such as plants, animals or other children to interact with and learn from in time and space. As a teacher I worked strongly for the integration of computers in the classroom, but only as TOOLS for the completion of other, relevant tasks. Computers should not be any more exalted or fetishized than paper, pencils or books; whiteboards, televisions or other objects such as science apparatus or math "manipulatives." 

<H3>What Matters Most?</H3>

I introduced the Internet in the general unit on research materials such as library books, periodicals, atlases, newspapers and encyclopedias. I introduced word processing as a part of the organic drafting, revising and publishing "writing process." Spreadsheets were just a way to do repetitive calculations quickly, while databases were just a way to help a diverse group of people organize a huge collection of tiny facts. Computer graphics were a cross between a photocopy machine and a draftsman's table, but never took the place of drawing, doodling or sketching in the field. Although useful for "drill and kill" repetition tasks such as practicing test-taking or running through math-fact "flash cards," I like to think that I never deluded myself that the computer was much more than a technical chimera that nailed together a television screen, mimeograph and a solid collection of worksheets. The computer is not some magic bullet that will solve all our woes.

<H3>Lure of the Magic Bullet Techno-Fix</H3>

"History is littered with Maginot lines," foolproof devices and unsinkable ships that shall solve all of humanity's problems. So is education. From the New England primers to McGuffey's readers to Zerna Sharp's "Dick and Jane" series to modern basal readers and Josten's, the concept of what makes a perfect literacy program is hotly and lucratively debated. Parents fret that students don't know "the basics" or certain facts, but forget the central point of everything that we do not teach math (or science, or reading or history), we teach children. And we should not teach children merely so that they can be minor industrial operatives.

<P>Kahlil Gibran's poem "On Children" speaks of how we may think of the young as personal property, but they are no more ours than we are our parents', and they shall "dwell in the house of tomorrow" which we can imagine, but never see. Whether you know how Wilhelm Fröbel invented kindergarten in the 1800's, admire Rudolf Steiner or have never heard of Maria Montessori; whether you are a fan of Booker T. Washington, W. E. B. DuBois or have no idea who they are; whatever your understanding of pedagogy or philosophy, I would guess that when you think of your child's future, their ability to program in FORTRAN is not at the top of the things you hope for.

<P>The things of ultimate concern for a child are very similar to those of ultimate concern for an adult, and the main task of adults and parents in our culture is to focus on ultimate concerns, not tools or gizmos. The wealthiest humans have almost always educated their children through an increasingly complex and sophisticated series of manipulative experiences in the real world, alternating with tutorials and competition. Music, chess, riding, travel. Ballet, dancing, football, lacrosse. Wrestling, boxing, football, lacrosse. Childcare, cooking, sewing, conversation. Physical and social skills in the broader world are exactly the sort of things that computers do not teach, and to which even adults are tempted to retreat from in favor of computers.

<H3>Fool's Gold and Silicon Snake Oil</H3>

Just before I left education there was a great push by Microsoft to control that "molding market" and revenue stream, which I saw as fundamentally bad for education. I inventoried the technical skills I had learned and left in my short life, from card catalogs to slide-rules to carbon paper and light-tables. Whatever fourth-graders would use "on the job" fifteen years from now, I could guarantee that it would not be Windows 95. Our task was to help students learn better how to learn, through observation, from others, alone or in groups, to be as adaptive and flexible as their unpredictable futures would demand. Computers, for the most part, take children out of a difficult world into an alternative or fantasy space that is not the quickest way to make them strong. Like reading a gossip column or watching a mediocre sit-com, it is time spent, but not well or productively.

<P>When parents ask me what I think about getting their child a computer I usually respond by asking them a little bit about the child's general social and athletic life, as well as the parent's aspiration for the computer. I did not seriously use a computer until college and yet I was more expert in most things now than those who did, and for every story about a tech millionaire, I can tell a dozen more about someone who is single and unhappy, working a dead-end job and eating, but not thriving. Computers are for the white middle-class what sports too often are for the African-American working class or rap music seems to many in the lower class: a lottery ticket chance at a better life. For every Tiger Woods or Bill Gates, though, there are thousands of overweight men with high cholestrol. For every Madonna or Martha Stewart, there are thousands of former dancers with skin cancer. True education is not merely vocational, but prepares the student for whatever might happen in any country, at any place, in any time.

<H3>Computers Size Everything Extra Medium</H3>

I am told that the Waldorf schools do not encourage or welcome the use of computers until the high school level, and this seems to be a fairly good guide. While computers may have limited uses in particular projects such as math drills, physical publication of writing or focussed research, mostly I see computers used in the home as televisions: escapist video games that take the place of more wholesome activities such as physical tasks (exercise, self-expression, hobbies or building), social tasks (scouting, exploring with friends, adventures) or reading (as escape or to explore alternative realitiies, as is sometimes done healthily through historical fiction, science fiction or fantasy).

<P>One of the fundamental problems with a computer is that it makes everything the same experience: whether you are playing chess, reading, drawing or visiting, the fundamental physical action is almost exactly the same as watching television. This cannot be developmentally appropriate, especially when basic physiological processes such as muscular coordination, spatial orientation and skills in both reading and projecting non-verbal social cues are still being developed. When I was in high school it was mainly people who could not do sports, make friends or play a musical instrument who were drawn to computers. Today computers are drawing people away from playing musical instruments, making friends or using their bodies in wholesome ways. It is not "surfing the internet" or "exploring cyberspace." It is sitting on your butt in front of a computer.

<P>Every hour in front of a computer is an hour away from your life. If you are considering the appropriate use of life and of computers, please consider phoning for an appointment with Mac Rory at (360) 695-6929.

<H3>Links...</H3>

<UL><LI>Alliance for Childhood's 2000 <A HREF="http://www.allianceforchildhood.org/projects/computers/computers_articles_call_for_action.htm">Call for Action on Children and Computers
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~stoll/silicon_snake_oil.html">Clifford Stohl's book <CITE>Silicon Snake Oil: Second Thoughts on the Information Highway</CITE>
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://archives.obs-us.com/obs/english/books/nn/bdstol.htm">Synopsis of Stohl's book
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.katsandogz.com/onchildren.html">Kahlil Gibran's poem "On Children" from <CITE>The Prophet</CITE>
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindergarten">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kindergarten
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montessori_method">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montessori_method
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldorf_education">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waldorf_education
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://www.allianceforchildhood.org/projects/computers/computers_reports_fools_gold_download.htm">Fool's Gold: A Critical Look at Computers in Children's Education
</A></LI><LI><A HREF="http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~moursund/Books/Parents/Parents-Guide.html">Dave Moursand's "Parent's Guide to Computers in Education"
</A></LI></UL>
]]>
        
    </content>
</entry>
<entry>
    <title>Glossary</title>
    <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://macrory.com/blog/2006/08/glossary.html" />
    <link rel="service.edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://macrory.com/blog-mt/mt-atom.cgi/weblog/blog_id=1/entry_id=51" title="Glossary" />
    <id>tag:macrory.com,2006:/blog//1.51</id>
    
    <published>2006-08-14T20:00:00Z</published>
    <updated>2007-01-01T03:45:47Z</updated>
    
    <summary>There are a lot of words and TLA&apos;s (three-letter acronyms) that computer people throw around and use all the time, frequently using the same word (such as &quot;airport&quot; or &quot;wifi&quot; or &quot;802.11&quot;) to refer to the same thing without explanation. Herewith, then, an alphabetical list and glossary of some of...</summary>
    <author>
        <name>&quot;Mac Rory&quot; Bowman</name>
        <uri>weblog.macrory.com</uri>
    </author>
    
    <content type="html" xml:lang="en" xml:base="http://macrory.com/blog/">
        <![CDATA[There are a lot of words and TLA's (three-letter acronyms) that computer people throw around and use all the time, frequently using the same word (such as "airport" or "wifi" or "802.11") to refer to the same thing without explanation. Herewith, then, an alphabetical list and glossary of some of the ones I end up explaining most often.

<UL>
<LI>1394: The official IEEE number for the peripheral connection also known as "Firewire" or "iLink"
</LI><LI>802.11: The official IEEE designation for "WiFi" wireless IP networking
</LI><LI>AC: Alternating current, the kind of electricity that comes out of a wall socket
</LI><LI>Airport: Apple's brand name for 802.11 technology: both the protocol and physical devices
</LI><LI>Alias: A computer icon or file which points to another alias, folder, file or document
</LI><LI>Bluetooth: A short-range wireless technology used in phones, printers, keyboards, mice
</LI><LI>Bonjour: An easy-to-use local network protocol built into some devices, OS X and iChat (formerly called "Rendezvous")
</LI><LI>Bookmark: An Internet URL or shortcut, usually saved and managed within a web browser
</LI><LI>Bridge: Network connector for two disparate network types, such as localtalk/ethernet
</LI><LI>Broadband: High-speed Internet connection such as through a DSL or cable modem
</LI><LI>Cache: Files stored on your computer temporarily, as from recently visited web sites
</LI><LI>Cable Modem: Bridge used to provide Internet connections over coaxial cable TV wiring
</LI><LI>CRT: Cathode Ray Tube, the "television-style" computer monitor common since the 1970's
</LI><LI>DHCP: Dynamic Hosti